Humor And Its Relationship With Positive Life Outcomes

Humor has been said to play a large role in our everyday lives, including having an impact on ones well-being; mainly influencing their level of self esteem. Humor is often seen as a coping mechanism for dealing with stressful events throughout a person s lifetime (Stieger, Formann, Burger, 2011). For some time there has been the circulating idea that humor is directly related to positive life outcomes, but has been supported with very limited empirical evidence (Vaughan, Zeigler-Hill, Arnau, 2014). This view is often encrypted in the minds of general society because of the constant use of jokes and sayings that acknowledge the use of humor as a way to deal with life s current circumstances; using humor as a means to cope (Leist Mà ¼ller, 2013). The problem with this view is that it does not consider that there are multiple styles of humor that can affect its relationship with positive life outcomes (Vaughan et al., 2014). Contemporary research suggests that sense of humor is a multidimensional personality construct consisting of both [two] adaptive and [two] maladaptive styles (Kirsh, 2005). Based on this prior research there are four distinct styles of humor which are defined as being a person s habitual conduct or use of humor in daily life, that is his or her typical stable pattern of humor behaviours and attitudes (Beermann, 2014). The two adaptive styles are: (1) self-enhancing humor, which is the use of personal humor to make oneself laugh and uplift yourShow MoreRelatedOptimism’s Effect on Psychological and Physical Health909 Words   |  4 PagesPhysical Health. Becca Rubio Abstract For many years, numerous studies have analyzed the effect of Optimism on Psychological and Physical health. Optimism is generally known as being confident that there is a positive outcome to any situation and hopeful for a positive life in the future. 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Is it meant to demean others? Sarcasm can present itself as hostility and insecurity which becomes disguised as humor. When someone is seemingly receiving sarcastic comments or phrases, they feel to be put down and feels as if the person stating these remarks is a jerk. When saying a sarcastic joke has at someone who has a mental illness, it seems as if the personRead More Brief Therapy Essay978 Words   |  4 Pagesthinks about people/places/things). The therapist collaborates with the client to help the client develop alternative solutions. Subsequently, a study showed solution-focused brief therapy demonstrated a small, but positive treatment effects favoring SFBT group on the outcome measures. 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It is known personality characteristics of group leaders effects groups tremendously. For example, if a group leader self discloses personal information or experiences to a group, it can help build upon therapeutic relationships with each group member (Shechtman Toren, 2009). Two characteristics of mine, which I believe make me an effective group leader are being able to identify with group members pain and my sense of humor. Being able to identify withRead MoreReport- Dimensions of Diversity1578 Words   |  7 Pagesinterest in their topic. 2. Various ways/ styles to communicate effectively with people a. Aggressive, passive aggressive, and passive b. Communicate differently among groups c. Body language d. Add some humor or light to the context d.3.a.a. â€Å"results suggest that relational factors, such as ones humor, may be important to the enactment of organizational citizenship behaviors among subordinates† 3. Tools of communications a. Emails, phones, text, visual aids, letters, blogs, social media network sitesRead MoreLeadership Essential Seminar Summary832 Words   |  3 Pageswith the explanation of the fundamentals, the three areas that would define our life: Stewardship, Relationships and Leaderships. †¢ Stewardship means faithfulness, how do we oversee duties, and how we conduct our affairs. †¢ Relationships are the most important and include growing, developing and cultivating long-term relationships. Communication was explained in detailed as being the most important part of relationships. †¢ Leadership is based on character, person’s competency and influence. SarrosRead MoreNotes On The Coping Process1470 Words   |  6 PagesJustin Willms Psychology of Human Relations Friday 12/18/15 Term Paper The Coping Process Throughout my entire life I have been dealing with stress even when I have tried to avoid it. 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Routine Activity Theory, High Risk Lifestyles Theory

Sexual abuse is observed in every country in different age groups of females ,have more risk of getting victimized by known and from strangers too. Crime done by offender (teenage boys) influenced by peer group ,perform sexual assault This essay explains the application of routine activity theory in case of Rehtaeh Parson (victim) experienced sexual assault( followed by suicide) ,attempted by her friend (abuser and criminals). Routine activity theory basically originated from three theories: crime opportunity theory, victim precipitation theory, high risk lifestyles theory . Cohen and Marcus(1956 ) reported that Routine activity theory—also sometimes referred to as lifestyle theory—has proven to be one of the more useful theories†¦show more content†¦There are major 3 factors which increase the risk of crime . lack of capable guardian, caretakers are there for babies as parents are working ,neglected children, include the role of police ,home makers and poor security systems , Like internet activities ,crime is done by using browsing and using popular operating systems and web browser led to increased risk of criminal activity. Other factor like unlocked homes also give a good chance to theft to steel the expensive items from houses, steeling of expensive cars from roads, streets and houses, things which are easy to carry have higher risk of getting stolen evidenced in journal in which uncounted smaller currency was stolen with car during car wash cycle. Leaving of valuable things in open view of invitation to potential criminals . J.B Roberts(2004) states ,the criminal event is triggered by a confluence of often routine activities where the offender and victim converge in a specific setting at a particular time and place, and where there is an absence of capable management and other environmental factors present which would present unacceptable risks to the ordinary opportunistic perpetrator. Teenage boys get influenced by peer groups, living in high crime areas, engaged in risky behaviors such as taking alcohol (Siegal, Brown and Hoffman, 2013) and who are having no job and employment . these teenage boys go night and have parties , hanging and clubbing (taking drugs) these

Teacher’s Pay for Performance Free Essays

Should Teacher’s Salaries Be Based on Student’s Academic Performance? Is a student’s failure in a class an indication that a teacher or professor did not adequately perform his or her job? There are two points of view on this issue. Many will argue that teachers should be paid on a merit system, or Pay for Performance system. There are some that believe that there are too many external factors in a class room for a teacher’s salary to be based on how he or she performs in the class room. We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher’s Pay for Performance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Teacher’s pay for performance will be highlighted by first discussing what is pay for performance, next, detailing the definition of teaching, and finally, exploring the question of should teacher’s salaries be based on a student’s academic performance. Pay for performance is essentially when an employee is allowed to be partly responsible for his or her pay increase. A company will set goals as well as allow the employee to set his or her own goals and if the employee meets those goals, he or she will get a raise. These raises are based on levels of performance ranging from one to five. A level of one means that an employee failed to meet his or her expectations. A level of two means that an employee needs improvements in some areas. A of three means that an employee met his or her expectations. A level of four means that an employee exceeded his or her expectations. A level of five means that the employee far exceeded his or her expectations or as some managers imply, he or she is a â€Å"super employee†. Pay for performance is designed to inspire employees to work harder so they can obtain higher raises and bonuses if they reach a certain level. Employees may also be motivated to perform better the next year. The question remains, should teachers be on this type of merit system? Teaching is conveying knowledge in formal learning institutions, whether it is a school, K-12, or a university or college. Teachers have a major influence on a student’s life. They plant seeds of knowledge that continue to grow with a student. They support, empower, engage and care for their students. Today, most teachers are paid based on their seniority or academic degrees. Perhaps they should be paid based on their level of accomplishment and responsibility. Teacher evaluations should be based partly on student achievement data and their raises should be based on student’s academic performance. If teachers were paid based on student’s academic achievements, they would put forth more effort to provide a higher quality of teaching. Competition would be raised among teachers and a possibility of higher salaries would encourage them to perform better. If teachers were paid for their performance it might also differentiate teachers who care about their student’s performance from those who only want to collect a paycheck. On the other side of the coin, there are also reasons why a teacher’s salary should not be based on student’s academic performance. The first being that there is a lack of standard academic performance tests, which means there is no measurement criteria. There is the possibility that some teachers might give students higher grades to benefit their salaries. The strongest argument against teacher pay for performance would be that all students do not have the same level of intelligence, commitment, or determination. It may not be fair to hold a teacher responsible for a student that cannot learn or do not want to learn. Given the scenario that a teacher’s pay increases would be based on student’s academic performance, their levels of performance could range from one to five also. A level five would indicate that all students have passed the class with a grade of B or better and performed well on a standardized test. A level four would indicate that all students passed the class with a grade of C or better. A level three would indicate that 80 percent of the students passed the class. A level two would indicate that at least 50 percent of the students passed the class. A level one would indicate that only 20 percent of the students passed the class or a student has failed the class more than once under the same teacher. Teachers that perform at level one should not receive pay increases. A performance level of three or above should receive salary increases. An example of a level one performance would be if a student failed the same class two or more times or if only four out of twenty students passed a class, then that teacher or professor obviously has not imparted the knowledge to their students that they set out to convey. An example of a level three teacher’s performance would be if his or her students continuously increase their academic performance or pass standardize tests. In conclusion, I assert that teacher’s salaries should be based on their student’s academic performances. If teachers hit their levels, they should receive higher raises. It they fail their students, their salary should not increase. There are a lot of educators that would disagree with this assertion; however, given the state of our education system, a change needs to be put in place. If teachers are required to perform better and are paid better based on their performance, then students will perform better. How to cite Teacher’s Pay for Performance, Essay examples

Globalization and Domestic Policy Change †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Globalization and Domestic Policy Change. Answer: Introduction: Financial institution all over the world is dependent on the international financial industry as it determines strategic management decisions of the organizations. Globalization has made competition even tough in the industry, the key aim is survival and success of many financial institutions is to implement strategic partnership, which makes them more competitive and offer diverse services to their clients and consumers. It can also be observed that the immediate effects of deregulation lead to geographic diversification and changes in policies, which further results in the implementation of interstate banking restrictions and gradual reduction of intrastate. Technology and innovation play an important role in the finance industry, organisations adapt to these in order to conform to the demand of the global customers (Coleman, 2016). Some of the organisations that internationally operate in an authoritative position are: The World Bank, International Monetary Fund, European central bank, World Economic Forum etc. The assignment focuses on the strategic management and its implementation on financial industries. The essay also highlights the key features of financial industry comprised of market size, industry growth rate, competitiveness and market structure. It also analyses the external factors using Porter five forces and PESTEL analysis, focusing on its high impact on the strategic management strategy of the financial industry. In fact, this essay also deals with a real-life example of many financial companies to focus the way the external forces impact on their innovativeness and implementation of resources and capabilities. Key features of the financial industry: As per Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), financial services make up 20-30% of total service market revenue and about 20% of the total Gross Domestic Product(GDP) in developed economies like Denmark, Germany and Singapore. According to Al-Mulaliand Ozturk (2015), the most important three financial services like retail banking, life insurance and property and casual insurance generate annual revenue of approximately $6.6 trillion and have tended to grow at 6% compound annual rate over the preceding decade. International Monetary Fund (IMF) stated that the total global economy is worth $77.6 trillion in recent years. Therefore, if the financial services from banking and insurance sector are kept up to 6% growth rate for the years from 2014 to 2015, then its 2016 figure would be $13.1 trillion(Baptistaand Oliveira, 2015).On the other hand, particularly global banking industry has experienced a healthy growth rate in recent years, generating the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.7% between 2016 and 2017 for reaching a value of $134.1 trillion, as per the data from MarkerLine Research Firm. This industry has global significance because global financial markets have undergone major structural changes in recent years. Due to accelerating integration and globalization, there is a prevalence of certain changes in world financial markets. Apart from this, global financial markets also recently experienced increased securitization.According to Borio (2014), these developments are also spurred due to effective mergers and acquisitions worldwide. Broadening and expansion of derivative markets are also one of a factor that makes this industry global. For examples, banks in all over Europe are merging and forming alliances on an unparalleled scale and thereby changing the banking environment and creating global networks. Competitors in banking sectors: International banks continue to grow their assets as the world economy expands. In fact, there is debate whether China's economy is bigger than the United States regarding banking industries. Banks Assets Industrial and Commercial Bank of China $3.62 trillion HSBC $2.57 trillion Table 1: Competitors in banking sectors It has been found that Industrial and Commercial Bank of China is the largest bank in the world, which has $3.62 trillion assets and $134.8 billion revenue. On the other hand, HSBC, its competitor has 1800 locations in the UK and has $2.57 trillion assets(Coleman, 2016). Competitors in Life insurance sectors: Some important competitors among global insurance companies are AXA, Zurich Insurance Group and Berkshire Hathaway. In recent years, AXA increased its foothold in Latin America and acquired 51% of insurance operations in Colombia. On the other hand, Zurich Insurance Group operates more than 170 countries in Switzerland. Its core businesses are general insurance, global life and farmers insurance. Apart from that, Berkshire Hathaway is an investment manager conglomerate which is engaged in insurance, rail transportation, finance, and retailing through its subsidiaries(Martinset al.2014). Introduction:Financial industry which is comprised of banking and insurance sectors deliberately offers effective services like financial leasing, payment services, venture or risk capital guarantees and commitments. As a result, the market size of financial industry comprises about 16.9% of global economy, as measured in GDP(Philippon, 2015). Growth: According to International Monetary Fund (IMF), total financial service makes up about 60 to 65% of total global revenue. In fact, it has found that the financial service in developed economies also raised up to 6% growth rate in recent years. As per the above figure, there is an effective comparison of a global market share of revenue of largest global investment banks in 2017. According to that, the revenue of JP Morgan is of 8.1% of the global investment banking revenue (Coleman, 2016). A financial industry like banking sectors is more like having oligopolistic market structure. It is because it is an industry, which is controlled several small firms all over the world. Some banking firms like a bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, Wells Frago and PNC boasted nearly 40% of their deposits, which leads to the development of financial industry altogether(Philippon, 2015). PESTLE analysis: These are the rules, framework and guidelines that are associated with the governments, financial institutions and authoritative bodies. Based on geographical locations of the organisations the management of the companies is bound by the rules and regulations which govern the company (Valdezand Molyneux, 2015). Some of the aspects which impact the organisations in this industry are: international legislations, labour regulations, trade rules and regulations in the country of operation, international relation, political stability and favorability of the government. Based on the region on operations the organisation has to follow the rules set out by authoritative organisations like the ones mentioned above (Valdezand Molyneux, 2015). For example, SAP Financial Services Forum looks into the opportunities and benefits of digitalization and explores the implementation of disruptive technologies in banking and insurance companies. Another example is Coalition Agreement in the UK, which le ads to a huge deficit in the insurance sector and disarray in a banking system, due to which there is a huge loss in sovereign debts market of UK (Valdezand Molyneux, 2015). Even due to this agreement, there are low-interest rates on financial stability and long-term impacts of quantitative easing (QE). In the industry, there are factors such as the rate of the currency in the international market, inflation rate, market and trade cycles, interest rate etc which impact the industry. The economic factors are important as they provide growth and expansion opportunities for the organisations, if the conditions are favorable then new organisations in the finance industry have scope to invest as well as operating organisations. For example: The financial crash of 2008-2009 impacts on financial operations of banking industries. Several leading banks had to deal with a problem of cyber security. Market orientation and banking structure also lead to the change in the development of financial operations of banking and insurance companies. In fact, interest rates also have some impacts on share prices in the financial services industries like banks and insurance companies. For example, HSBC bank has tax benefits with the deposit tenure of 5 years. Technology is improving, advancing with research and development and in every business industry, it plays an important role it provides scope and opportunity for the business to innovate and grow. It makes the process of Innovations in technology have played an important role in the industry, now anyone can use a card and conduct transactions form any part of the world. Core banking, online and mobile banking. Fin-tech disruptor is one of the financial technologies that mainly focused on the mobile payments to insurance. Organisations incorporate technology in the business operation which includes hardware software, internal and external services. Moreover, it can be assumed that by 2020, there will be decentralized asset ownership with the use of information technology rather than automatic turn to banks as an intermediary. According to Philippon (2015), Blockchain public ledger can be a significant part of financial institutions technology and infrastructure, as it moves from large retail sector to institutional use. 5 Forces Analysis: The 5 Forces Analysis is a tool that is used to study the intensity of the competition in the Industry at the same time it indicates scopes and opportunities that organisations operating in the industry may have. This tool was developed in 1979 by Michael Porter. This is used as a strategic management tool to develop the policies and formulate plans for the company to successfully grow in the competitive market (Ho 2014). Rivalry among Competing Firms: The competition in the market is created by the firms who provide similar kind of products and services. It is important to analyze the rate to competition in the industry because it will help the company to formulate strategic decisions better. In the global financial services market, the number of competing financial firms is limited, which makes the competitors compete for the same customers and resources. The lower storage costs also enable the competitors to bear lower risks to unload their inventory all at a time. Besides, due to the increasing growth of the financial services industry, it is evitable that all the competitors are growing in terms of revenue creation which gives a substantial reason that the competitors need not to compete to take the market share. In addition to these, the low exit barriers in the market enable the competitors to increase their profits naturally. All these factors ensure that the rivalry among the competing firms in the financial services marke t is moderately low (Porter, 2016). Threat of entry of new competitors: This is the scope of new organisations to start their business in the industry. This creates new competition as new firms bring new values and innovations to the industry. The distribution network in the global financial services market is weak and it is also very expensive to move the financial goods in the market. High capital requirement is also a barrier to the financial companies and they need to spend a lot of capital to survive in the market. Besides the introduction of the sunk costs, facing the existing big brands, inability to cope the advanced financial technologies, smaller economies of scale, and contingencies related to local government policies also make the threat of new entry in the global financial sector very low (Storey, 2016). Bargaining power of suppliers: There is a high level of competition among the suppliers in the financial services sector which has a positive impact on the sector as the suppliers cannot have bargaining leverage over the producers. Apart from that, the low concentration of suppliers, diverse distribution channels, and financial firms ability to switch suppliers reduce their bargaining power. Bedside the local government intervention makes it difficult for the suppliers to bargain for the services they offer (Minsky, 2016). Suppliers in the finance industry are can be third party service providers, hardware and software suppliers etc. Threat of development of substitute products: The substitutes are the indirect threats in the industry. The substitutes of the global financial services industry usually show lower performance, so the customers feel no urge to switch from the financial sector. Besides, the limited number of substitutes and the products and services offered by these substitutes do not let the development of substitute products pose a strong threat to the industry (Webb and Martin, 2017). Bargaining power of consumers: In the financial services sector, the customer has no bargaining power as negotiator and they also do not get much of attention when they need customization in their schemes. Low customer price sensitivity, low dependence on the distributor and large number of customer base disable the customers to have the bargaining power, but sometimes the competitors can offer services that are suitable for the customers, but the end it is the customers who need to negotiate with the terms and schemes (Shoup, 2017). Weakest force: The weakest force among these five forces is apparently the threat of substitutes. There is actually no closer substitute for the financial services around the world except for few countries such as the US and the UK where the microfinance services firms are seen as the potential substitutes for the global financial services industry. In these countries the microfinance providers cater to the low or middle income families to meet their basic needs at lower interest rates. But in many countries like India, the microfinance service providers are also treated as a valuable part of the entire financial services gamut (Shoup, 2017). Comparatively the bargaining power of consumers is a stronger force that the competitors in the global financial services industry need to respond meticulously. The consumers, nowadays, tend to have various demands such as digitization, personalization and more. The financial services around the world are also more inclined to know what the consumers really demand and they come up with different latest solutions such as integration of data as currency, automated servicing, digital services, personalization, and different channel agnostic. Apparently the weaker force is the threat of substitutes and the competitors sometimes find the substitutes profitable and they tend to follow the strategy of merge acquisition with these potential substitutes and enhance their portfolio with various offerings (Aalbers, 2017). Pertaining to the five forces, the changes in these forces in the next three years are not expected to be very significant. The finance industry is a huge industry where the competitors do not need to steal the market share as this industry undoubtedly an ever growing industry because of increasing demand from the customers and also it caters to all kinds of consumers such as business entities, corporate, middle class workers and lower class people. Besides, the current slowdown in the global economy is going to cast a negative impact on the global financial services industry (Porter, 2016). The landscape of the threat of new competitors is expected to change if the global government policies go through serious amendments. But as for now, there is no circular airing in the global financial services industry. Besides the technological advancement in the finance sector and Fintechs can also offer new opportunities for the new entrants in the industry (Storey, 2016). The supplier power in the financial sector can only change if the governments introduce any new policy, but this needs long time to implement the change. In addition to that, the technology advancement and the rise of Fintech firms are expected to change the landscape, yet a paradigm shift is not expected (Minsky, 2016). The substitute products providers are supposedly get merged with the big financial services providers in the coming three years. However, the Fintech providers are expected be an integral part of the financial entities in the world (Webb and Martin, 2017). The bargaining power of consumers in the financial services sector is supposedly increase, and to close the gap the finance sector along with the Fintech firms are expected to introduce new user friendly interfaces for smooth experiences (Shoup, 2017). Industry attractiveness: Selective Investment or Prudent Safe Investment and Growth Safe Investment and Growth Danger Zone Harvest or Divest Selective Investment or Prudent Safe Investment and Growth Danger Zone Harvest or Divest Danger Zone Harvest or Divest Selective Investment or Prudent Changes in the Companies in the Financial Industry: Innovating Resources and Capabilities Rapidly advancing technologies, evolution of customer expectations and demands, and a dynamic regulatory framework are expected to herald a new era of disruptive innovation in the global financial services industry. The financial technological innovations or the fintech innovations have successfully caught the attention of the customers, investors and the incumbents through disruptive innovations such as crypto-currencies, big data analytics, peer to peer lending and more. But the significant impact of these innovations on the global financial services industry remains opaque. The innovations in the global financial industry are supposed to stem from the following areas such as increased central banks intervention, increased concerned over data protection, increased regulatory pressure, increased transparency in asset management, increased use of Public-Private partnership, and slowdown in economic growth (Gaiet al.2017). Conclusion: One of limitations for the Fintech innovators is that it sometimes fails to create new infrastructure unless a group of financial services entities come together for building a viable ecosystem. The financial firms are also increasing their efforts to overhaul their systems and increase their customer experience through alignment with their expectations in the areas such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing and big data analytics. The financial service providers around the world need to embrace the change by partnering with the Fintech companies for achieving better profitability, market share and customer experience. Reference list: Aalbers, M.B., 2017. Corporate financialization. The International Encyclopedia of Geography. Al-Mulali, U. and Ozturk, I., 2015. The effect of energy consumption, urbanization, trade openness, industrial output, and the political stability on the environmental degradation in the MENA (Middle East and North African) region.Energy,84, pp.382-389. Baptista, G. and Oliveira, T., 2015. Understanding mobile banking: The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology combined with cultural moderators.Computers in Human Behavior,50, pp.418-430. Borio, C., 2014. The financial cycle and macroeconomics: What have we learnt?.Journal of Banking Finance,45, pp.182-198. Coleman, W.D., 2016.Financial services, globalization and domestic policy change. Springer. Gai, K., Qiu, M. and Sun, X., 2017. A survey on FinTech. Journal of Network and Computer Applications. Martins, C., Oliveira, T. and Popovi?, A., 2014. Understanding the Internet banking adoption: A unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and perceived risk application.International Journal of Information Management,34(1), pp.1-13. Minsky, H., 2016. Can" it" happen again?: essays on instability and finance. Routledge. Philippon, T., 2015. Has the US finance industry become less efficient? On the theory and measurement of financial intermediation.American Economic Review,105(4), pp.1408-38. Porter, T., 2016. States, markets and regimes in global finance. Springer. Shoup, C., 2017. Public finance. Routledge. Storey, D.J., 2016. Understanding the small business sector. Routledge. Valdez, S., and Molyneux, P. (2015).An introduction to global financial markets. Palgrave Macmillan. Webb, I. and Martin, G., 2017. The effect of banking and insurance on the growth of capital and output.

Canadian Business Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Canadian Business Canada has been transformed in recent years into an information based society. Nearly half of the labour force in Canada works in occupations involving the collection and processing of information. In a society in which information has become a commodity, communications provide a vital link that can mean the difference between success or failure. Telecommunications is a fundamental infrastructure of the Canadian economy and society. For these reasons, an efficient and dynamic telecommunications industry is necessary to ensure economic prosperity. Deregulating the Long Distance Industry is the only sure way to ensure that prosperity. Telecommunications in Canada, which include services and manufacturing, employ more than 125,000 people and generate over $21 billion in revenues (Dept. of Communications, 1992, p7). Telecommunications helps to overcome the obstacles of distance in a vast country such as Canada, permitting remote communities to benefit from services taken for granted in large urban centres. More than 98 percent of Canadian households have a telephone, and there are more than 15 million telephone lines for a population of nearly 27 million(Dept. of Communications, 1992, p7). It is therefore not surprising that Canadians are among the biggest users of telecommunications in the world. For example, in 1990, Canadians made more than three billion long-distance calls (Dept. of Communications, 1992, p8). Innovations made possible through telecommunications have also contributed significantly to the phenomenal growth of the Canadian telecommunications industry. For example, the total value of the major telephone companies' investment in their facilities rose from $17.8 billion in 1979 to $40.3 billion in 1990. In the same year, Canadian telecommunications companies reported more than $15 billion in revenues, accounting for an estimated 2.7 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In addition, in 1990 the telecom industry achieved a real growth rate (after inflation) of 8.6 percent compared to 0.3 percent for the Canadian economy as a whole. Telecommunications is also Canada's leading high-technology industry; its Research and Development costs of $1.4 billion in 1990 represent about 24 percent of total expenditures in this area. This shows how telecommunications has come to play such a vital role in our society, in addition to being our most important high technology industry (Dep t. of Communications, 1992, p9-12). Changes are constantly taking place in the telecom industry. These changes are caused by rapid progress in telecommunications technology, growing demand for new services, the globalization of trade and manufacturing operations, and increasing competition worldwide. It is also important to note that the Canadian telecommunications market of $15 billion is small compared to those of our major trading partners, the United States ($185 billion), the European Community ($125 billion) and Japan ($65 billion) (Blackwell, 1993, p26). These factors were a mounting source of pressure on the previous regulatory structure of the Canadian telecom system. As regulation was eased in other countries around the world, Canada was beginning to lose its competitiveness. The USA and Britain have made strategic decisions to increase competition in telecommunications services and to modernize their information infrastructures. Other countries such as Japan, Australia, and New Zealand are following their le ad. The European Community is considering legislation to unify the European telecommunications market next year (Blackwell, 1993, p22). In order to not be left behind, Canada updated its telecommunications legislation to bring it in line with world developments. For example, a key piece of legislation that regulated telecommunications, the Railway Act, dated back to 1908 (Beatty, 1990, p135). Clearly, with such ancient legislation, new policy was required that would allow a more flexible regulatory system, and not hamper the development of our telecommunications industry (as the Railway Act did). The first steps toward such a policy were taken in 1987 by the Minister of Communications, who outlined three basic principles to guide telecommunications policy making: Maintaining a basic telephone service which is affordable and universally accessible; Encouraging development of an effective and efficient telecommunications infrastructure; and Permitting Canadians in all regions to have access to the same levels of competitive services (Beatty, 1990, p42). Bill C-62 - the Telecom Act, passed in June of 1993, brought these principals to reality. In addition, the legislation gave Canadian Parliament legislative authority over the principal telecommunications common carriers (i.e. Bell Canada, Alberta Gov't Telephone, BC-Tel) in Canada. The new legislation defines the powers

LSD and Crack-Cocaine essays

LSD and Crack-Cocaine essays LSD and Crack-Cocaine Today, the problem of drugs has become one of the most serious ones facing the world and its youth. Drugs in general, can be classified into 5 different kinds: cannabis or hemp (name of a plant) such as marijuana and hashish, opiates such as morphine, heroine and opium, stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines, depressants also known as sedatives such as alcohol and barbiturates, and finally hallucinogens such as LSD, PCP and MDMA(ecstasy). When talking about drugs with the majority of people, especially grown-ups, we always hear: Stay away from drugs, Drugs are bad, or even Say no to drugs. What these people dont know is the difference between each drug, the difference in tolerance which means the need to increase the dose to obtain the effects that were previously obtained with a lower dose between each drug and the difference between the withdrawal syndromes of each drug. For them drugs are drugs. My research will focus on two specific types of drugs: Crack, one of the most recently-discovered derivative of powder-cocaine and LSD, the most widely used and the best known hallucinogenic drug. The reasons why I choose theses two specific drugs is because I had heard about crack as being the drug of the 90s and as being more harmful than heroin. Then I chose LSD because many of my friends have tried it and I think that I would also try it if I have the chance. In brief, whether crack or LSD, Ill try to learn the maximum amount of information to add to my general knowledge. Crack is by no means the only culprit in Los Angeles costly plague of crime, addiction and child abuse, stated an article in the Los Angeles Times. The article also showed that from psychiatrist Michael Durfees point of view, crack has become the number one illicit drug having bad effects on pregnancy. ...

Effect of Patient Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Effect of Patient Care - Essay Example Based on this research all people involved in conducting patient care should be efficient in their assigned tasks to ensure proper patient care is conducted. Different patients require different type of care due to the different types of ailments. This necessitates exemplary care in all patients so as to assist them cope with their ailments and other complications arising from the diseases. This task of providing patient care is solely the responsibility of health professionals who oversee that all procedures are followed. These health professionals have to follow the ethics code to ensure they do not compromise on the quality of care they award the patients. Examples of patient care include; cast care, bowel care, bladder care, amputation care, ambulatory care, circulatory care, among others. In all these, utmost and efficient care must be accorded to a patient at the right time and as expected. This is in order to reduce or altogether avoid further complications, which may arise in the process. It would be negligence on the part of a health professional if patient care is not provided at the stipulated time. Complications may arise as a result of negligence or incompetence in the line of duty. Having a case of nurses responsible for providing patient care arriving late each day to attend to patients is disheartening. Patients should be attended to within the stipulated time without delays as their health is paramount. Such nurses may cause additional pain to patients. This paper is going to assess the effects on patient care of nurses arriving late to the duty. Discussion Effect of nurses arriving late for duty on patient care The act of nurses arriving late for their duty to accord proper patient care to the patients may lead to non achievement of goals in the medical sector. The primary goal and objective of patient care is to assist patients recover or those with terminal illnesses, supportive care that minimizes the challenges they face. When nurses decid e to report late to assess the conditions of patients, there are chances of making the whole process of patient care a failure. In such instances, patient recovery goals may not be achieved as expected or as planned (Mitchell 2001). This is because; the nurses may find out that the condition of a certain patient deteriorated before they arrived for check up. As changes can be abrupt in ailments, a little delay may lead to complications which could otherwise not have happened had the responsible personnel arrived on time. An example is a diabetic patient who may be having challenges injecting insulin in the body. As glucose tests are to be carried out regularly, and necessary measures taken depending with the results, any delay in administering the right treatment can easily cause complications (Wagner 2000). Such patients may suffer from diabetic related complications if nurses continued to arrive late for work. Nurses administering patient care must be within points of call so as t o take care of any eventuality arising from the ailments. This trend of nurses arriving late for duty may also strain the relationship between the nurses and the patients. Under patient care, the relationship between a health professional and a patient is extremely vital. This is what is emphasized as it assists in ensuring quality care is maintained. When a patient and a health professional are in good terms, the health profession would be at ease knowing that any changes felt by the patient would be easily communicated. This would assist health professionals to administer relevant medication to the patient (Health-EU 2012). In such a scenario, a patient would always feel free to speak of any development to a health practitioner

The Software Development Lifecycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Software Development Lifecycle - Essay Example The company established various departments including marketing & sales, manufacturing, customer services, research and development, administration, and human resource and so on to handle different operations and products. The structure of the company is complicated due to its global operations and products diversification. Apple Inc has a lower level managers and middle level mangers based in different parts of the world and dealing with different issues. This complexity has posed major challenges in disseminating information across various supervisors at different levels. System Analysis The use of information system in organizations like Apple enables them to screen and obtain data from the surroundings, capture data from business operations, separate, control, select and disseminate information to the supervisors more frequently as required for decision making (Whitman & Mattord 2011, p.53). Availability of information to the managers of Apple Inc is vital for effective operation s of the company. Therefore, information system enables Apple Company to increase its competence by coordinating the activities of all the workers in various departments and in different locations to ensure they pursue common objectives of the organization (Mark 2006). Training information system enables Apple Company to achieve its objectives through standardized information. Approaches used by Apple Inc to acquire information from the employees The system analyst will have to enquire from the employees on challenges they face with the present system in the organization (Whitman & Mattord 2011, p.574). The employees will provide details of their encounters and give suggestions on what they want like to be changed in the current system (Taylor 2004, p.38). In order to achieve this, the analyst may utilize either one or a combination of approaches that will enable them to get that information from the employees and other system users (Barry & Lang 2009, pp.289). These approaches incl ude interviews, questionnaires or employees diaries. The analyst will enquire from the system users on what they think is best in the current system and require no change and what they think is not doing well as expected and need some change (Whitman & Mattord 2011, p.83). The analyst should also examine the knowledge employees have regarding the system operation and the availability of expertise either internally or externally to offer the required knowledge about the new system after it has been developed and adopted in the company (Beynon 2009, p.14). During the interview, the system users will be required to explain how they acquired training and the name of the trainer including whether they were internal or sourced from outside the organization (Shelly & Vermaat 2009, p.141). During the interviewing process, the analyst may use phone calls, video, social media or face to face interviewing in order to reach different users located in various places (Song 2011, p. 83). The use o f interview method to acquire information about the current system in Apple organization is quite expensive due to diversity of the employees and size of the organization (Whitman & Mattord 2011, p.92). Furthermore, some employees may not be open to give all their experiences or may not be able to recall all the essential details. However, this can be

Annoted bibliography Annotated Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Annoted - Annotated Bibliography Example The book revels in the opposition likewise. Latin America has at all times been branded by persons declining to consent to their portion. From slave uprisings to land professions, rebellions and the mass strikes of contemporary eras, Galeano lists the men and women who have fought back. Nonetheless he also elaborates how they were repeatedly targets of Colonial authority. By the time of authoring the book, Galeano had to point out the manner in which America had obscured Spanish and British sway in the area, was employing the use of its Marines to defend its securities. By the 1970s, the author elaborates that it was inexpensive and quicker for Brazil to ship merchandises to Mexico by the use of American or European docks. Latin America was underdeveloped by its own history. In this article, Cole Blasier brings to fore the distinct forms and manner of revolutions in the vast Latin America area. The article aims at explaining the modes for the revolution and transformation of the Latin America and the areas of the surrounding. The author also acknowledges the other opinions and work of other scholars in identifying the likes of Chalmers Johnson and Harry Eckstein by mentioning their opinion that the revolution was set by history and circumstances. Blaise recognizes Johnson’s point of reasoning that the revolutions were caused in part by instability in the social system. The book is a prodigious foundation of knowledge to all scholars who are interested in gaining knowledge and proficiency in the arena of Latin America and its development all through this years. The information in this article is well versed and useful for any form of research and studies. The article being that has evidence of other scholars shows it is peer reviewed and most of the experts in this field agree to the information in it. Blasier acknowledges the culture of the Latin

Orwells Animal Farm Genre Untangled English Literature Essay

Orwells Animal Farm Genre Untangled English Literature Essay Out of George Orwells repertoire many of his works can be described as somewhat ambiguous in terms of genre. For instance, Down and Out in Paris and London is a recount of his personal experiences flavoured with fictional elements, a semi-autobiography, but it is written in the objective voice of a report, article or documentary with additional sociographic speculations. Many of his essays linger on the boundaries of the short story, as well. Animal Farm is no exception of this Orwellian tendency to fuse different genres. It is often labelled as a dystopian allegorical novella or satire, but has been called a fable in the Aesopian tradition as well. In the present paper I will analyse Orwells work from the viewpoint of all these genres separately keeping in mind of course, that the genres themselves overlap each other in some characteristics and examine how Animal Farm functions as a dystopia, a satire and a fable. While Animal Farm fits some of these characteristics it also lacks in others. It certainly portrays oppression in the form of a totalitarian centralized power, however, in contrast with some well known works strongly associated with the genre including Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four as well it describes the process of how the utopian dream develops into the dystopian nightmare. Considering displacement it is not really in line with the dystopian trait either. It is for certain that the story takes place somewhere in the English countryside, we are even given the name of Willingdon and The Red Lion, an existing village and pub in East Sussex. Otherwise there is no special importance in the geographical location of the Farm, suggesting that it is not important where it takes place, and consequently, that it could happen anywhere. As for temporal coordinates they are even less specified or notable; the story is not tied to, and thus not untied from any particular date or era. The story could have taken place yesterday just as well as a hundred years ago or in the distant future; it is not dissociated or displaced from either Orwells or todays readers time. (Of course depending on the interpretation of the story, it does allude to the Stalinist regime and the Russian revolution but only externally as its mere allegory not internally to the novellas fictional universe.) However, it could be argued that there is some kind of displacement, not in spatial or temporal terms but in the very nature of the story as a fantastic beast fable or fairy story as Orwell called it. Its characters of talking animals who read and write and manage a farm on their own is surely not a picture of our everyday life. The feature Animal Farm most clearly adopts from the dystopian genre is the intention of warning. It warns of the danger of communist dictatorship and raises the attention as well of the existing conditions present at the time in the Soviet Union; or in a more general interpr etation the corrupting effect of power when exercised by anybody  [1]  . However, the element of warning or at least criticism of human vices or follies with the intention of improvement  [2]  is also representative of the satire. Although it is usually meant to be funny, its purpose is not just humor for its own sake but an attack on something the satirist strongly disapproves of and to persuade the reader (or viewer depending on the medium) to strive for a solution to the problem presented, using the weapon of wit, irony, and caricature.  [3]   In Animal Farm the satirical irony emerges from Orwells style of narration and his use of the animal allegory. The narrative style he employs is characterized by simple language and light, objective even impersonal voice with the limited point of view of the enslaved animals. The plain language on the one hand is to reflect the naÃÆ' ¯ve perception of the animals  [4]  , on the other this terse phrasing is set in ironic juxtaposition[to] the crassly elitist, manipulative, unintelligible, and circumlocutory discourse of the pigs, through which the fictitious passes off as factitious.  [5]  Samir Elbarbary in his essay Language as Theme in Animal Farm even argues that the conscious derangement of language, and linguistic superiority which sustain the assumption of power, is one of the novellas fundamental thematic concerns. Language and how language can influence or even determine the way people think is often a recurring theme in Orwells works, for example the idea of Newsp eak in Nineteen Eighty-Four, and he even addresses the problem directly in essays, such as Politics And The English Language, in which he attests for simple uncomplicated language in scholarly and especially in political contexts. According to Elbarbary, in Animal Farm the revolution is, in a sense a language-focused enterprise, a product of specifically aggressive linguistic energy, and language  [6]  , which can efficiently control reality, is the source of the tragic outcome rather than its mere reflection. Those animals who have an underdeveloped language, are compleatly overpowered by the linguistic skill of the pigs; their ensnarement is less a matter substance than of generic linguistic impotence and deficient semantic memory.  [7]   Even thought the point of view of the narrator is limited (or at least it is more distant from the feelings or thoughts of the pigs than that of the other animals), the narration still implies more to the reader than the animals themselves are aware of. We understand the difference between the truth of a situation and what the characters know about it, while the characters remain ignorant of the discrepancy, which creates dramatic irony. For example when Squealer explains that the van in which Boxer was taken to the hospital formerly belonged to a horse slaughterer and that the veterinarian who now uses it did not have the time to paint over the horse slaughterers sign on its side, the narrator says: The animals were enormously relieved to hear this.  [8]  The reader however, can assume the truth right when the van appeared to carry the horse away. Another level of satire is in the characterization. Orwell attributes easily recognisable human traits to animals, which remain absolute, that is they are character types rather than fully developed characters, without the ability to grow or change, the animals shall stay both animal and human. It removes the possibility of very complex characterization.  [9]  In the light of the parallel that can be drawn between the story and the Russian revolution, some characters are clear caricatures of exact historical figures (like Napoleon-Stalin, Snowball-Lenin) others of specific social groups or classes or even tools used to uphold dictatorship (e.g. Boxer-working class, Squealer-propaganda), creating a grotesque mirror image not just of the events but the figures involved in it, enhancing the validity of the satirical parallel. The third genre considered here is the already mentioned beast fable. It is usually a brief tale that conveys a moral lesson, usually by giving human speech and manners to animals. It is a very old form of story related to folklore and proverbs, the fables in Europe descends from tales attributed to Aesop, a Greek slave in the 6th century BCE. The French fabulist La Fontaine revived the form in the 17th century with his witty verse adaptations of Greek fables.  [10]  The form can be associated with the satire as well as the beast fable is also used as a culturally universal satirical technique. It is basically the dramatic realization of a metaphor and satirists have always found this translation of metaphor to dramatic fact an extremely effective way of portraying the true nature of vice and folly. As far as characters, style and language (its simplicity thus serving double causes) Animal Farm fits the criteria of the genre. According to Christopher Hollis the writer of the beast fable must throughout be successful in preserving a delicate and whimsical balance due to the overall absurdity of animals behaving and talking like humans and discussing complicated intellectual problems. He argues that Orwell is able to maintain this balance by avoiding any unnecessary explanation of the fantastic elements of the story in an otherwise realistic setting.  [11]   However if we take into account its length it is considerably longer than the traditional fable. In addition, some point out that its moral lesson is questionable or nonexistent as it is impossible to attach a moral to any familiar sense to Animal Farm, where wickedness ends in triumph and virtue is utterly crushed.  [12]  I do agree that there is no lesson to be learned in the fashion of for example The Tortoise and the Hare, however I believe that there are moral undertones embedded in the overall message of the novella, like power corrupts; it is a moral lesson without answers, or a moral tragedy of humankind. In conclusion, Orwells Animal Farm seems to function best as a satire but he consciously incorporated techniques and elements of other literary forms, most elaborately of the beast fable, to use it as his satirical vehicle. As for the dystopia genre it seems to be a little farfetched to attach the term to Orwells novella, it is more like a loud hee-haw at all who yearn for Utopia.  [13]  

Doing Business in India Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We believe the single greatest risk of doing business in India is its bureaucracy. The Indian bureaucracy is often referred to as â€Å"babudom.† An Indian bureaucrat is often referred to as a â€Å"babu.† Today, babu may also mean â€Å"Sir† or â€Å"Mr.† The babudom was formed after India gained independence from Britain. It employs many more people than necessary and it is highly unproductive. Each geographic region of the babudom requires specific government permissions and taxes. Making progress in the babudom with limited local support is a difficult task, especially for a small U.S. firm with limited capital. The babudom wastes your company’s time. It will cause delays in the completion of your goals. It may take years before your company is approved to sell your products or services in India. Instead of selling your products and services, your employees will be spending time trying to get them approved. The babu do not have a vested interest in your company and often do not care how long it takes to make progress. For example, the bureaucracy in India can be compared to getting a driver’s license at the DMV in the U.S.; it takes an excessive amount of time get the license, the employees are not friendly to the customers or to each other, and there is an array of forms to fill out before any progress can be made. Dealing with the babudom will add costs to your company’s investment in India. These costs may be attributed to various taxes, consulting fees, and permits, among other things. These costs may not be obvious to someone who is not familiar with business practices in India. A company may not have planned for these added costs and may be forced to back out of a project if it exceeds its budget. These costs force companies to spend money that could have been used in more effective ways. For example, students are not always prepared for the many different fees that they will be charged for attending San Jose State. Besides tuition, students pay fees for books, the health center, activity cards, labs, and parking. India is a collective culture, meaning that individual’s decisions must be in harmony with family, group and social structures. This is not a bad thing, but it can add to the risk of an American dealing with the babudom. American culture typically values individualism and often business is deemed more important than family life... ...ve Indian that you can trust. This way, he or she can advise you on your decisions when dealing with the babudom or other Indian companies. It will take time to establish these relationships, but it will help you save time and money in the future. An Indian will have to trust you as a friend before he or she will make a deal with you. Be patient with Indian natives and make an effort to get to know them before doing business with them. Tell them about your family and your background. When negotiating a business deal, focus on more than just legalities. Natives will lose respect for someone that is only trying to establish a business relationship with them. When doing business in India, you must be patient. Aggression is not appreciated and it is considered to be negative. However, you must also set realistic time frames. Try to fix most of your appointments before you leave, and do not plan a trip close to a major holiday, such as Diwali or Republic Day, when business slows down for days. If you cannot get a confirmation that something will be done or if you believe that someone is stalling, take this as a sign that the company or person you are negotiating with is not interested.