Globalization and Domestic Policy Change †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Globalization and Domestic Policy Change. Answer: Introduction: Financial institution all over the world is dependent on the international financial industry as it determines strategic management decisions of the organizations. Globalization has made competition even tough in the industry, the key aim is survival and success of many financial institutions is to implement strategic partnership, which makes them more competitive and offer diverse services to their clients and consumers. It can also be observed that the immediate effects of deregulation lead to geographic diversification and changes in policies, which further results in the implementation of interstate banking restrictions and gradual reduction of intrastate. Technology and innovation play an important role in the finance industry, organisations adapt to these in order to conform to the demand of the global customers (Coleman, 2016). Some of the organisations that internationally operate in an authoritative position are: The World Bank, International Monetary Fund, European central bank, World Economic Forum etc. The assignment focuses on the strategic management and its implementation on financial industries. The essay also highlights the key features of financial industry comprised of market size, industry growth rate, competitiveness and market structure. It also analyses the external factors using Porter five forces and PESTEL analysis, focusing on its high impact on the strategic management strategy of the financial industry. In fact, this essay also deals with a real-life example of many financial companies to focus the way the external forces impact on their innovativeness and implementation of resources and capabilities. Key features of the financial industry: As per Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), financial services make up 20-30% of total service market revenue and about 20% of the total Gross Domestic Product(GDP) in developed economies like Denmark, Germany and Singapore. According to Al-Mulaliand Ozturk (2015), the most important three financial services like retail banking, life insurance and property and casual insurance generate annual revenue of approximately $6.6 trillion and have tended to grow at 6% compound annual rate over the preceding decade. International Monetary Fund (IMF) stated that the total global economy is worth $77.6 trillion in recent years. Therefore, if the financial services from banking and insurance sector are kept up to 6% growth rate for the years from 2014 to 2015, then its 2016 figure would be $13.1 trillion(Baptistaand Oliveira, 2015).On the other hand, particularly global banking industry has experienced a healthy growth rate in recent years, generating the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.7% between 2016 and 2017 for reaching a value of $134.1 trillion, as per the data from MarkerLine Research Firm. This industry has global significance because global financial markets have undergone major structural changes in recent years. Due to accelerating integration and globalization, there is a prevalence of certain changes in world financial markets. Apart from this, global financial markets also recently experienced increased securitization.According to Borio (2014), these developments are also spurred due to effective mergers and acquisitions worldwide. Broadening and expansion of derivative markets are also one of a factor that makes this industry global. For examples, banks in all over Europe are merging and forming alliances on an unparalleled scale and thereby changing the banking environment and creating global networks. Competitors in banking sectors: International banks continue to grow their assets as the world economy expands. In fact, there is debate whether China's economy is bigger than the United States regarding banking industries. Banks Assets Industrial and Commercial Bank of China $3.62 trillion HSBC $2.57 trillion Table 1: Competitors in banking sectors It has been found that Industrial and Commercial Bank of China is the largest bank in the world, which has $3.62 trillion assets and $134.8 billion revenue. On the other hand, HSBC, its competitor has 1800 locations in the UK and has $2.57 trillion assets(Coleman, 2016). Competitors in Life insurance sectors: Some important competitors among global insurance companies are AXA, Zurich Insurance Group and Berkshire Hathaway. In recent years, AXA increased its foothold in Latin America and acquired 51% of insurance operations in Colombia. On the other hand, Zurich Insurance Group operates more than 170 countries in Switzerland. Its core businesses are general insurance, global life and farmers insurance. Apart from that, Berkshire Hathaway is an investment manager conglomerate which is engaged in insurance, rail transportation, finance, and retailing through its subsidiaries(Martinset al.2014). Introduction:Financial industry which is comprised of banking and insurance sectors deliberately offers effective services like financial leasing, payment services, venture or risk capital guarantees and commitments. As a result, the market size of financial industry comprises about 16.9% of global economy, as measured in GDP(Philippon, 2015). Growth: According to International Monetary Fund (IMF), total financial service makes up about 60 to 65% of total global revenue. In fact, it has found that the financial service in developed economies also raised up to 6% growth rate in recent years. As per the above figure, there is an effective comparison of a global market share of revenue of largest global investment banks in 2017. According to that, the revenue of JP Morgan is of 8.1% of the global investment banking revenue (Coleman, 2016). A financial industry like banking sectors is more like having oligopolistic market structure. It is because it is an industry, which is controlled several small firms all over the world. Some banking firms like a bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, Wells Frago and PNC boasted nearly 40% of their deposits, which leads to the development of financial industry altogether(Philippon, 2015). PESTLE analysis: These are the rules, framework and guidelines that are associated with the governments, financial institutions and authoritative bodies. Based on geographical locations of the organisations the management of the companies is bound by the rules and regulations which govern the company (Valdezand Molyneux, 2015). Some of the aspects which impact the organisations in this industry are: international legislations, labour regulations, trade rules and regulations in the country of operation, international relation, political stability and favorability of the government. Based on the region on operations the organisation has to follow the rules set out by authoritative organisations like the ones mentioned above (Valdezand Molyneux, 2015). For example, SAP Financial Services Forum looks into the opportunities and benefits of digitalization and explores the implementation of disruptive technologies in banking and insurance companies. Another example is Coalition Agreement in the UK, which le ads to a huge deficit in the insurance sector and disarray in a banking system, due to which there is a huge loss in sovereign debts market of UK (Valdezand Molyneux, 2015). Even due to this agreement, there are low-interest rates on financial stability and long-term impacts of quantitative easing (QE). In the industry, there are factors such as the rate of the currency in the international market, inflation rate, market and trade cycles, interest rate etc which impact the industry. The economic factors are important as they provide growth and expansion opportunities for the organisations, if the conditions are favorable then new organisations in the finance industry have scope to invest as well as operating organisations. For example: The financial crash of 2008-2009 impacts on financial operations of banking industries. Several leading banks had to deal with a problem of cyber security. Market orientation and banking structure also lead to the change in the development of financial operations of banking and insurance companies. In fact, interest rates also have some impacts on share prices in the financial services industries like banks and insurance companies. For example, HSBC bank has tax benefits with the deposit tenure of 5 years. Technology is improving, advancing with research and development and in every business industry, it plays an important role it provides scope and opportunity for the business to innovate and grow. It makes the process of Innovations in technology have played an important role in the industry, now anyone can use a card and conduct transactions form any part of the world. Core banking, online and mobile banking. Fin-tech disruptor is one of the financial technologies that mainly focused on the mobile payments to insurance. Organisations incorporate technology in the business operation which includes hardware software, internal and external services. Moreover, it can be assumed that by 2020, there will be decentralized asset ownership with the use of information technology rather than automatic turn to banks as an intermediary. According to Philippon (2015), Blockchain public ledger can be a significant part of financial institutions technology and infrastructure, as it moves from large retail sector to institutional use. 5 Forces Analysis: The 5 Forces Analysis is a tool that is used to study the intensity of the competition in the Industry at the same time it indicates scopes and opportunities that organisations operating in the industry may have. This tool was developed in 1979 by Michael Porter. This is used as a strategic management tool to develop the policies and formulate plans for the company to successfully grow in the competitive market (Ho 2014). Rivalry among Competing Firms: The competition in the market is created by the firms who provide similar kind of products and services. It is important to analyze the rate to competition in the industry because it will help the company to formulate strategic decisions better. In the global financial services market, the number of competing financial firms is limited, which makes the competitors compete for the same customers and resources. The lower storage costs also enable the competitors to bear lower risks to unload their inventory all at a time. Besides, due to the increasing growth of the financial services industry, it is evitable that all the competitors are growing in terms of revenue creation which gives a substantial reason that the competitors need not to compete to take the market share. In addition to these, the low exit barriers in the market enable the competitors to increase their profits naturally. All these factors ensure that the rivalry among the competing firms in the financial services marke t is moderately low (Porter, 2016). Threat of entry of new competitors: This is the scope of new organisations to start their business in the industry. This creates new competition as new firms bring new values and innovations to the industry. The distribution network in the global financial services market is weak and it is also very expensive to move the financial goods in the market. High capital requirement is also a barrier to the financial companies and they need to spend a lot of capital to survive in the market. Besides the introduction of the sunk costs, facing the existing big brands, inability to cope the advanced financial technologies, smaller economies of scale, and contingencies related to local government policies also make the threat of new entry in the global financial sector very low (Storey, 2016). Bargaining power of suppliers: There is a high level of competition among the suppliers in the financial services sector which has a positive impact on the sector as the suppliers cannot have bargaining leverage over the producers. Apart from that, the low concentration of suppliers, diverse distribution channels, and financial firms ability to switch suppliers reduce their bargaining power. Bedside the local government intervention makes it difficult for the suppliers to bargain for the services they offer (Minsky, 2016). Suppliers in the finance industry are can be third party service providers, hardware and software suppliers etc. Threat of development of substitute products: The substitutes are the indirect threats in the industry. The substitutes of the global financial services industry usually show lower performance, so the customers feel no urge to switch from the financial sector. Besides, the limited number of substitutes and the products and services offered by these substitutes do not let the development of substitute products pose a strong threat to the industry (Webb and Martin, 2017). Bargaining power of consumers: In the financial services sector, the customer has no bargaining power as negotiator and they also do not get much of attention when they need customization in their schemes. Low customer price sensitivity, low dependence on the distributor and large number of customer base disable the customers to have the bargaining power, but sometimes the competitors can offer services that are suitable for the customers, but the end it is the customers who need to negotiate with the terms and schemes (Shoup, 2017). Weakest force: The weakest force among these five forces is apparently the threat of substitutes. There is actually no closer substitute for the financial services around the world except for few countries such as the US and the UK where the microfinance services firms are seen as the potential substitutes for the global financial services industry. In these countries the microfinance providers cater to the low or middle income families to meet their basic needs at lower interest rates. But in many countries like India, the microfinance service providers are also treated as a valuable part of the entire financial services gamut (Shoup, 2017). Comparatively the bargaining power of consumers is a stronger force that the competitors in the global financial services industry need to respond meticulously. The consumers, nowadays, tend to have various demands such as digitization, personalization and more. The financial services around the world are also more inclined to know what the consumers really demand and they come up with different latest solutions such as integration of data as currency, automated servicing, digital services, personalization, and different channel agnostic. Apparently the weaker force is the threat of substitutes and the competitors sometimes find the substitutes profitable and they tend to follow the strategy of merge acquisition with these potential substitutes and enhance their portfolio with various offerings (Aalbers, 2017). Pertaining to the five forces, the changes in these forces in the next three years are not expected to be very significant. The finance industry is a huge industry where the competitors do not need to steal the market share as this industry undoubtedly an ever growing industry because of increasing demand from the customers and also it caters to all kinds of consumers such as business entities, corporate, middle class workers and lower class people. Besides, the current slowdown in the global economy is going to cast a negative impact on the global financial services industry (Porter, 2016). The landscape of the threat of new competitors is expected to change if the global government policies go through serious amendments. But as for now, there is no circular airing in the global financial services industry. Besides the technological advancement in the finance sector and Fintechs can also offer new opportunities for the new entrants in the industry (Storey, 2016). The supplier power in the financial sector can only change if the governments introduce any new policy, but this needs long time to implement the change. In addition to that, the technology advancement and the rise of Fintech firms are expected to change the landscape, yet a paradigm shift is not expected (Minsky, 2016). The substitute products providers are supposedly get merged with the big financial services providers in the coming three years. However, the Fintech providers are expected be an integral part of the financial entities in the world (Webb and Martin, 2017). The bargaining power of consumers in the financial services sector is supposedly increase, and to close the gap the finance sector along with the Fintech firms are expected to introduce new user friendly interfaces for smooth experiences (Shoup, 2017). Industry attractiveness: Selective Investment or Prudent Safe Investment and Growth Safe Investment and Growth Danger Zone Harvest or Divest Selective Investment or Prudent Safe Investment and Growth Danger Zone Harvest or Divest Danger Zone Harvest or Divest Selective Investment or Prudent Changes in the Companies in the Financial Industry: Innovating Resources and Capabilities Rapidly advancing technologies, evolution of customer expectations and demands, and a dynamic regulatory framework are expected to herald a new era of disruptive innovation in the global financial services industry. The financial technological innovations or the fintech innovations have successfully caught the attention of the customers, investors and the incumbents through disruptive innovations such as crypto-currencies, big data analytics, peer to peer lending and more. But the significant impact of these innovations on the global financial services industry remains opaque. The innovations in the global financial industry are supposed to stem from the following areas such as increased central banks intervention, increased concerned over data protection, increased regulatory pressure, increased transparency in asset management, increased use of Public-Private partnership, and slowdown in economic growth (Gaiet al.2017). Conclusion: One of limitations for the Fintech innovators is that it sometimes fails to create new infrastructure unless a group of financial services entities come together for building a viable ecosystem. The financial firms are also increasing their efforts to overhaul their systems and increase their customer experience through alignment with their expectations in the areas such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing and big data analytics. The financial service providers around the world need to embrace the change by partnering with the Fintech companies for achieving better profitability, market share and customer experience. 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